Rapid prototyping technology has revolutionized manufacturing processes by introducing a novel way of thinking based on the principle of discrete deposition, which is an additive manufacturing approach. This method involves converting three-dimensional models designed on computers into triangular surface meshes that are stored in the STL file format. These models are then processed layer by layer to generate two-dimensional contour data. Based on this data, processing paths are automatically generated. Controlled systems then selectively solidify, sinter, or cut the material layer by layer, forming thin sections of the contour and gradually stacking them to create a three-dimensional solid object. This is followed by post-processing to produce the prototype.

Developed in the mid-1980s, rapid prototyping technology is a cutting-edge high-tech invention. Since the debut of the first rapid prototyping machine in 1988, the technology has evolved to include over ten different process methodologies. These methods vary based on the materials used and the construction techniques employed. Some of the most widely used techniques include:

Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA): This method uses photosensitive resin materials that are solidified layer by layer through laser irradiation.
Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM): In this process, thin layers of material such as paper are bonded and cut using a laser, layer by layer.
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS): This technique involves using powdered materials that are solidified layer by layer through selective laser sintering.
Fused Deposition Manufacturing (FDM): This method uses melted materials that are extruded and cooled to form layers.
The fundamental principles of various rapid prototyping techniques are based on a discrete incremental growth method to form prototypes or products quickly. Broadly speaking, rapid prototyping can be categorized into two types: material accumulation and material removal. However, in common parlance, when referring to rapid prototyping manufacturing methods, people usually mean the additive manufacturing techniques (material accumulation), which are classified based on the prototype’s materials and the construction technology used.

Rapid prototyping technologies continue to develop and expand their applications across various industries, driving innovations and improving efficiency in product development and manufacturing processes. This technology not only speeds up the design to production timeline but also allows for greater flexibility in design and material use, making it an indispensable tool in modern manufacturing.